Refugees and asylees may apply for a Green Card one year after they are admitted into the United States. A refugee is required to apply for a Green Card one year after entry, whereas an asylee does not have to, but it is in their best interest to apply for a Green Card.
The difference between a refugee and an asylee is that a refugee is seeking for a safe place to go because their home has been ransacked by man-made or natural disasters. An asylee is looking for a safe haven because they are being personally persecuted by someone, an organization, or the government of their own country.
Usually it does not take long for the individuals to receive a Green Card, as long as the satisfy three criterias, which are:
1. Prove that they continue to fit the definition of either refugee or asylee (or a family member of)
2. Be physically present in the U.S for the past year
3. Has not done anything that caused your admission to be terminated (i.e commit a felony).
This method of obtaining a Green Card is not very common, seeing that not everyone can fit the definition of a refugee or an asylee.
Lastly, there is the Green Card lottery. There is a worldwide lottery where the prize is a Green Card. This is for people who cannot get the Green Card any other way. The "bet" is the application fee. There is a certain quota as to how many people may enter this lottery per year. The success rate is not very high.
Aside from these last two uncommon ways of obtaining a Green Card, there's also a list of unusual circumstances that may qualify you for a Green Card. See the list at http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=5a97a6c515083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=5a97a6c515083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD
-Jenny
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